Analysis of ripple effects on frequency response characteristics of switching regulators

In this paper we clarify for the buck-boost converter that the ripple effect is not ignorable for the frequency response, and reveal that it causes the unexpected characteristics where either the phase lag or the phase lead appears depending on the shape of the ramp generator of the PWM circuit. Eventually the phase margin for the stability drastically changes depending on the slope direction (normal or reverse) of the ramp generator even in the same circuit configuration. For the ripple effects we propose the general analysis model and analyze them of the buck-boost converters. As the result we identify that the ripple effects are caused mainly by the variation of the slope and the average of the ripple, and reveal that the buck-boost converter has the asymmetric characteristics for the slope direction of the ramp generator and there is more advantage for the stability in case of the reverse slope direction than in case of the normal one. The proposed analysis method is validated by the experiments and simulations.