A modular hard and software system for the analysis of cardiac signals: application to real time pressure-volume loops

There is a growing need for (semi) real time measurement of ventricular function which can be quantified by the left ventricular pressure-volume (P-V) relationship. In the catheterization laboratory left ventricular volume is routinely derived from planimetry of contrast ventriculograms. Ventriculography however does not lend itself to repeated assessment as even 40-60 cc of contrast injection can alter baseline ventricular variables. Non-invasive techniques to quantify ventricular volumes combined with electrical pigtail pressure measurement would eliminate these limitations Such real time volume measurements can be achieved by either Doppler flow measurement or planimetry by 2D echo is used. The authors report on a modular system, which enables continuous integration of these rapidly evolving techniques into the existing environment of the catheterization laboratory for on line generation of P-V loops