Development of a 2.4-GHz, parasitic array antenna for wireless electrocardiograph (ECG) application

Using a two-element, parasitic array and miniaturization technique an antenna has been designed, simulated, and optimized for wireless electrocardiograph applications. It is subsequently reduced in size by implementing a combination of a multi-folded driver with top loading structure. The antenna generates a directive radiation pattern in a thin parasitic array antenna design with an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The total volume of the antenna is 46 mm × 31 mm × 8.3 mm (0.368λ × 0.248λ × 0.066λ) with the maximum gain of 6.2 dBi in the zenith direction and the front-to-back ratio is greater than 13dBi.