Spherical arrays for wireless channel characterization and emulation

Three types of spherical arrays for use in wireless communication research are presented. First, a spherical array of 32 monopoles with beam steering in arbitrary direction and with arbitrary polarization is described. Next, a spherical array with 16 quad-ridged open-flared horns is introduced, offering better wideband performance and easier beam steering. Finally, a multi-probe setup for over-the-air testing of multiple-input multiple-output mobile devices is presented, being essentially a spherical array with inward radiation.