Fast and robust image identification

This paper presents an image identifier robust to common modifications. A multi-resolution Trace transform is introduced that constructs a set of 1D representations of an image. A binary identifier is extracted from each representation using a Fourier transform. Experimental evaluation of the algorithm and three state-of-the-art methods was carried out on a set of over 60,000 unique images with results demonstrating that the method outperforms the prior art methods in terms of detection, robustness and speed and achieves detection rate over 99% at a false-positive rate below 1 per million, with search speed exceeding 10 million image pairs per second on a desktop PC.