Packet delivery significance and metrics improvements in protocols for 3-D routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recently, many natural disasters have occurred (e.g., the 2011 tsunami in Japan). In response to these disasters, Wireless Sensor Networks have been deployed to improve their detection level. This important technology has several significant challenges, subsequently, this paper focuses on the problem of routing. Especially, a new set of dynamic versions of Sensing Sphere close to the Line:Smallest Angle to the Line (SSL:SAL) (El Salti et al.) is proposed. These versions are the SSL:SAL version 1 and version 2 (SSL:SALv1 and SSL:SALv2, respectively). This paper also conducts some experiments where it demonstrates the following: 1) packet delivery is a control factor that impacts several metrics, 2) the two versions of SSL:SAL increase the ability to improve the packet delivery even though the regions are partially covered, 3) the SSL:SALv1 and SSL:SALv2 achieve short hop-based paths, and 4) the SSL:SALv1 achieves short Euclidean-based paths. The proposed protocols are compared to some existing position-based protocols. Moreover, the experiments show generally that trade-offs exist between these metrics.