BEWARE: Background traffic-aware rate adaptation for IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11-based devices employ rate adaptation algorithms to dynamically switch data rates to accommodate the fluctuating wireless channel conditions. Many studies observed that, when there are other stations transmitting in the network, existing rate adaptation performance degrades significantly due to the inability of differentiating losses between wireless noise and contention collisions. Previous studies proposed to exploit optional RTS frames to isolate the wireless losses from collision losses, and thus improve rate adaptation performance. In this paper, we conduct a systematic evaluation on the effectiveness of various existing rate adaptation algorithms and related proposals for loss differentiations, with multiple stations transmitting background traffic in the network. Our main contributions are two-fold. Firstly, we observe that existing RTS-based loss differentiation schemes do not perform well in all background traffic scenarios. In addition, our study reveals that RTSbased loss differentiation schemes can mislead the rate adaptation algorithms to persist on using similar data rate combinations regardless of background traffic level, thus result in performance penalty in certain scenarios. The fundamental challenge is that a good rate adaptation algorithm must dynamically adjust the rate selection decision objectives with respect to different background traffic levels. Secondly, we design a new Background traffic aware rate adaptation algorithm (BEWARE) that addresses the above challenge. BEWARE uses a mathematical model to calculate on-the-fly the expected packet transmission time based on current wireless channel and background traffic conditions. Our simulation results show that BEWARE outperforms other rate adaptation algorithms without RTS loss differentiation by up to 250% and with RTS by up to 25% in throughput.