Outdoor performance of hybrid, four-terminal tandem photovoltaic modules based on thin film silicon:hydrogen and copper indium diselenide

Data and analysis are presented that can be used for prediction of the long-term, average performance of hybrid tandem solar cell modules. A model is presented that accounts for most of the variance in the operating data under clear sky conditions. The operating data are analyzed to deduce the performance of the module under standard operating conditions as a function of time. The results show that there are small, but measurable, air mass effects during the day. The parameters of the model can be used to assess the importance of variations in environmental parameters.