Effect of electrical stimulation in mineralization and collagen enrichment of osteoporotic rat bones

Osteoporosis is a disease defined by decreased bone mass and alteration of microstructure which results in increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. An electromagnetic treatment having a pulsed output is adopted for prevention of induced osteoporosis in albino rats. Two groups of wistar rats were studied. Animals from group I were control and group II were experimental. Experimental group rats were bilaterally ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis. After one month of surgery capacitive coupled pulsed electric field delivered to one leg of experimatal rats and other leg kept as sham exposed. After 60 days of exposure treatment rats were sacrificed and femur and tibia bones were segregated into Control, Ovariectomized (OVX) and Ovariectomized+ Electrical stimulation (OVX+ES). The current study investigated the effect of external pused electric field exposure on induced osteoporotic rat bone quantity (bone density, bone mineral content and collagen I content) and quality (microstructure). Values of bone densities were fitted in multivariate regression model where bone mineral content and collagen I content were kept as independent variables.Capacitive pulsed electric field of specific characteristics prevents bone loss in ovariectomy induced osteoporotic bones. Bone density and mineral content of OVX+ES bones were significantly increased as compared to OVX bones. Biochemical analysis conveyed that exposed rat bones have high amount of collagen I than that of osteoporotic bones. Electron microscopic study revealed the enhancement of micro structural composition and compactness in cancellous part of treated bones.It is concluded that capacitive pulsed electric field can improve inorganic, organic and micro structural properties of bones.