The DSI technique used on DDD paced patients

Digital subtraction imaging (DSI) can be used instead of standard chest X-ray radiographs for the radiological assessment after implantation of a duel chamber (DDD) pacemaker. The DSI system description, its processing functions, and use during pacemaker follow-up are outlined. By using edge-enhancement techniques and background subtraction, this method provides sharper visual information on the location of the pacemaker, the status of the lead-connection, and on the position and the functional integrity of the pacemaker leads which all can be examined in more detail using different zoom-functions. Pacemaker- and lead-related problems can therefore be more easily detected using DSI techniques