Three-dimensional tree simulation considering interfaces with various angles of inclination to electric force line

We previously carried out a three-dimensional (3D) tree simulation of a composite system with an interface perpendicular or parallel to the electric force line based on a dielectric breakdown model considering the growth probability. It was found that an interface perpendicular to the electric force line exhibits a positive barrier effect and that an interface parallel to the electric force line exhibits a negative barrier effect. In this study, we carried out a 3D tree simulation that considers interfaces having various angles of inclination to the electric force line, for which different barrier effects were observed. Furthermore, the simulated tree with interfaces having various angles of inclination either creeps on the barrier, penetrates the barrier or develops along the edge of the barrier.