22.3% efficient 12 cell 1000 sun GaAs concentrator module

A 12-cell concentrator module has been built using high-efficiency GaAs solar cells. The module was constructed from batch-produced components following Varian´s previously reported design for a passively cooled, 1000× terrestrial concentrator module. Direct normal efficiencies exceeding 22.0% were measured during initial outdoor testing. Longer-term performance results were obtained. The module continued to perform well after six months of desert exposure. Consideration is given to module construction, performance, and reliability as well as the practical merit of the high-concentration, high-efficiency module approach using presently available GaAs cells