Fluorescent hydrogel fibers for long-term in vivo glucose monitoring

Fluorescence-based implantable glucose sensors can provide continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with wireless transdermal transmission and long-lasting activity in vivo. Here, we present a long-term in vivo glucose monitoring method using glucose-responsive fluorescent hydrogel fibers. The fiber structure enables the sensor to remain at an implantation site for a long period and be removed from the implantation site after use. We found that the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-bonded polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel fibers reduced inflammation, transdermally glowed and continuously responded to blood glucose concentration changes after 2.5 months, showing their potential application for long-term in vivo continuous glucose monitoring.