Unsynchronized fault location independent on line parameters for transmission systems

In this paper, an improved double-end fault locator is presented for transmission systems using unsynchronized measurements and disregarding the line parameters. The proposed algorithm is formalized using lumped parameter line model in order to facilitate computing the unsynchronized shifting angle between both line ends. The Least Square Error (LSE) is first used to solve the equivalent positive sequence network of the line using double end measurements to compute the synchronizing angle. Artificial Neural Network is then utilized to minimize the errors in angle extraction and accordingly the fault distance is estimated correctly. The ATP-EMTP program is used to perform the fault cases and therefore evaluating the locator performance. The test results provide evidences for the efficacy of the proposed fault locator using unsynchronized double end measurements without utilizing the line parameters for any fault type.