Development of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometer for detection of carcinogenic metals in gall bladder stones

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for the detection of carcinogenic metals in gallbladder stones samples was developed. We have studied the effect of the laser pulse energy and the delay time dependence on LIBS signal intensity. The constituting elements present in the test samples were identified by using the finger prints wavelength of elements of interest using NIST database. The detected carcinogenic metals were Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb and Hg. The plasma temperature and the electron density were also determined to check for the local thermal equilibrium conditions for the laser induced plasma generated by focusing the laser beam on gall bladder samples.