Level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of deterministic simulation models for Nakagami-Hoyt fading channels

An efficient deterministic simulation model for the Nakagami-Hoyt (1960, 1947) fading channel model (Q model) is proposed by using the concept of Rice´s sum of sinusoids. Analytical formulas are derived for the amplitude and phase probability density functions (PDF), level-crossing rate (LCR) and average duration of fades (ADF). By using a numerical optimization procedure, we show how the statistical properties of the Q model and the corresponding simulation model can be adapted to those of an equivalent mobile satellite channel for an environment with heavy shadowing. It is demonstrated by several theoretical and simulation results that the Q model and the therefrom derived simulation model can provide excellent characterization for the corresponding measurement results with respect to the complementary cumulative distribution function (CDF), normalized LCR and ADF. Finally, it is shown that the Q model enables a better statistical fitting to the measurement data compared to the Rayleigh model due to the increased flexibility.