The evolution of monitoring and controlling in electric power substations

This paper discusses the evolution that has taken place in substation monitoring, control and protection systems over the past ten years. The architecture has changed from many electrical / mechanical devices to the broad scale use of intelligent electronic devices. System architecture has changed from many independent standalone systems to a single system that can serve the needs of many. The changes are very dramatic and cost saving. The subject of protective relaying is left to others who are experts in this field.