Series-fed, nested, edge-loaded, wide-angle, conical monopoles

The authors propose wide-angle conical monopoles as an alternative to whip-type antennas when adequate mounting surface is available. The reduced height of wide-angle conical monopole systems makes possible: the use of edge loading for design versatility, nesting of multiple units for increasing bandwidth, and the incorporation of the antenna into the structure of a host vehicle so that no protrusion and a minimum of intrusion are required. A system of nested, wide-angle, conical monopoles can be made to cover a wide frequency band with near constant return loss. The size can be adjusted to fit the available space with reduced efficiency resulting for smaller size. A system within a hemisphere of radius /spl lambda//8 at the lowest resonance with return loss of 5 dB will have an efficiency of about 50% at the low end of the band. If the radius can be near /spl lambda//4 at the lowest frequency, the return loss will increase to about 10 dB and the efficiency will be near unity.<>