Electromagnetic scattering from chiral objects using double-grid finite-difference frequency-domain (DG-FDFD) method

In this paper, a double-grid finite-difference frequency domain (DG-FDFD) method is introduced to solve for scattering of electromagnetic waves from chiral objects. The formulations are based on a double-grid scheme in which a traditional Yee grid and a transverse Yee grid are combined to achieve coupling of electric and magnetic fields that is imposed by the bianisotropy. While the presented formulations can solve problems including bianisotropic objects, the validity of the formulations is verified by calculating bistatic radar cross-sections of three-dimensional chiral objects and comparing the results to those obtained from analytical and other numerical solutions.