Causality enforcement in fast EM-based simulation of multilayer transmission lines

This paper proposes an efficient method for 2-D EM-based simulation of multilayer transmission lines making use of causal, frequency-dependent dielectric loss models. Frequency-dependent loss modeling overcomes causality violations introduced by classical, static loss descriptions, but it poses significant challenges to efficient applications of EM-based models in both time and frequency-domain circuit simulations. The proposed method overcomes this challenge by introducing a modeling approximation which preserves causality, maintains accuracy and achieves speed-up of several orders of magnitude compared to direct application of the frequency-dependent dielectric loss model in EM-based simulations.