ESD in the manufacture, assembly, test, delivery, operation, and repair of distribution control system components

The causes of ESD (electrostatic discharge) and its effects on electrical and electronic parts are examined, and ESD protective materials and equipment are discussed. Issues discussed include IC protection, the effects of surface charge density, protective transport packaging, the protective environments, and CMOS latchup. It is also concluded that everyone involved in processing, assembly, inspection, handling, packaging, shipping, storage, stowage, testing, installation, and maintenance of susceptible parts throughout the equipment life cycle, both at the manufacturer´s and the user´s facility, needs to be aware of the damage that can be done to ESD sensitive parts, and should be trained on how to control their environment to minimize the potential for damage