Copy-rotate-move forgery detection based on spatial domain

Digital image tampering becomes a common information falsification trend. Copy-Move forgery is one of the tampering types that are used. Image forgery is the science of detecting image tempering whether with a previous knowledge about the source image (active) or without (passive). In this paper, we propose a method which is efficient and fast for detecting Copy-Move regions even when the copied region was undergone rotation modify in spatial domain. The proposed method accelerates blocking matching strategy by parallel comparing between blocks. Firstly, the image is divided into fixed-size overlapping blocks then features are extracted for each block. k-means clustering technique is used to cluster the blocks into different cluster. The feature vectors of each cluster blocks are lexicographically sorted by radix sort, and then a similarity measure is calculated between each nearby blocks to determine their similarity. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the duplicated regions efficiently even when an image was modified by jpeg compression, rotation and smoothing conditions. The proposed system reduced processing time up to 75% of other previous works.