Introduction to identity usurpation applied to biometric modalities

In this paper, we first discussed the rationale behind the attacks on biometric authentication systems. We also discussed the eight conceptual points of vulnerability that an attacker can use to bypass a biometric recognition system. Among all the attacks, the spoofing attacks (providing false biometric features for the sensor) gained much attention and therefore we have defined and discussed them in detail. Indeed, we will present thorough review of the state of the art of usurpation methods of both faces a biometric digital fingerprint. Then, we will give the review of the literature on the evaluation of the robustness of multimodal biometric systems against spoofing attacks. Various existing studies concluded the popular thought that the multimodal biometric systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks and can be cracked even by usurping a single feature.