Acceleration of high angular and spatial resolution diffusion imaging using compressed sensing

Achieving simultaneously high angular and spatial resolution in diffusion imaging is challenging because of the long acquisition times involved. We propose a novel compressed sensing method to acquire high angular and spatial resolution diffusion imaging data, while keeping the scan time reasonable. We show that joint under sampling of 6-D k-q space is more efficient than undersampling only one of the dimensions. We use a sparse Gaussian mixture model and an iterative reconstruction scheme to recover the peaks of the orientation distribution functions (ODF) with high accuracy. We show that at least 6-fold acceleration of acquisition is possible, thereby enabling high angular and spatial resolution diffusion imaging in a reasonable scan time.