Socio-technical framework of hazard identification in trajectory-based operations

▓ TBO will be one of the pillars in the future ATM system. ▓ TBO must be proven to meet or exceed the target safety level. ▓ Hazards must be identified starting from the early stage of the system lifecycle. ▓ Hazard identification is a primary basis of safety risk management and safety case. ▓ Further, current safety thinking requires a socio-technical approach to hazard identification. ▓ We propose a framework for the identification of hazards that will emerge from the interactions among humans, machines, and environment, as well as from influences both within and outside organizations.