Attacks/faults detection and isolation in the Smart Grid using Kalman Filter

In this paper, attacks/faults detection and isolation in the Smart Grid system are studied. First, a mathematical model of the power grid system is derived. Then, detection and isolation of attacks/faults using Generalized Observer Scheme (GOS) implementing Kalman Filter are discussed. The attack assessment is performed using χ²-detector. Even though, GOS is effective in isolating attacks/faults on a single sensor, it is unable to isolate simultaneous attacks/faults on multiple sensors. In order to isolate simultaneous attacks on multiple sensors, an Iterative Observer Scheme (IOS) is proposed. The proposed (IOS) scheme divides the set of sensors providing measurements in the power grid system into subsets and performs the tests on the subsets iteratively, eventually isolating the region/sensors under attack. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in detecting and isolating attacks or faults in the power grid system.