Boiling in macro and micro systems: Existing problems and ways of further research

A keynote paper presents just the next attempt to promote a discussion of modern state of art in the field of boiling heat transfer research. It is shown how unwillingness to deconstruct internal contradictions of applicable approaches has resulted longstanding theoretical deadlock. Alternatively, it also is shown how resolution of these contradictions opens the ways to breakthrough in boiling heat transfer theory Principal contradictions between experimental knowledge and traditional model of ldquothe theatre of actorsrdquo (MTA) are discussed. Basic experimental facts, physical models and correlations of experimental data are reconsidered. Crucial role of pumping effect of growing bubble (PEGB) in boiling heat transfer and hydrodynamics is shown. Basic role of control of HTC by thermodynamic conditions on nucleation sites is demonstrated and consequent model of ldquothe theatre of directorrdquo (MTD) is discussed. Universal MTD-based correlation of boiling HTC of all types of liquids is considered. Unified consistent research framework for developed boiling heat transfer and diverse specific boiling heat transfer regimes is outlined through supplementing MTD by so-called multifactoring concept (MFC). MFC links transition from developed boiling mode to diverse boiling curves to a phenomenon of multiplication of factors influencing HTC. It is shown also that multifactoring phenomenon equally can cover any boiling process including boiling in minichannels and microchannels. Possible types of multifactoring are considered. The ways of further research of the boiling problem are discussed.