A cross-layer protocol of wireless sensor networks for tailings reservoir on-line monitoring

The application of wireless sensor networks is a important direction of tailings reservoir on-line monitoring system´s development. In this paper, a high reliability and energy-efficient cross-layer protocol (HREE) is proposed to solve tailings reservoir on-line monitoring WSN´s problems of interferences and energy-limited. HREE consists of reliable-efficient uneven clustering routing protocol (REUC) and single interface based multi-channel MAC protocol (SIMC). REUC chooses the optimal cluster heads by neighbor node density to avoid the peripherization of cluster-head, and divides the network into clusters with uneven sizes to balance the energy consumption. A combination of residual energy and link quality is used to decide the data path of HREE. Under uneven clustering frame, SIMC provides different channels for each neighbor clusters and dynamically switches the intra-cluster channels. The simulation results show that the implementation of HREE can effectively improve WSN´s reliability and prolong WSN´s lifetime. HREE is more suitable for tailings reservior on-line monitoring system than traditional single layer protocols.