Three experiments with stereoscopic television: when it works and why

Three experiments evaluated the impact of a stereoscopic television (STV) system on teleoperator performance. In the first, subjects performed P.M. Fitts´ tapping task (1954) by hand using direct binocular, direct monocular, STV, and mono-image television (MTV) viewing. In the second, subjects performed the same task with a teleoperator using STV and MTV. In the third, subjects performed a prototypical task using STV and MTV. The results indicate that STV sometimes conferred a performance advantage, but the amount of the STV impact varied greatly across tasks. The results are discussed from the perspective of information availability during teleoperation and the need for a multimeasure approach to performance assessment