Energy analysis and optimization of energy systems

Exergy analysis and exergy optimization are used to study industrial energy use. A methodology that is used on three different aggregation levels; national energy use, regional studies, and the process level, has been developed. The optimization is applied to a demand pattern of cold flows by offering to the system heat exchangers, cogeneration, and heat pumps. A considerable conservation potential is established on the national level. Detailed studies of production processes makes it possible to determine where exergy is lost. A process improvement index (PI index), which permits a ranking of processes with respect to the potential of increasing energy productivity, is developed