A practical distribution state calculation algorithm

State estimation algorithms have become an integral part of transmission energy management systems. They provide the system state to other advanced power system analysis tools. On the other hand, few distribution management systems utilize a state estimation function to track the real-time state of a distribution network. The main reason for the lack of interest in distribution state estimation function has been the scarcity of real-time measurements in distribution networks. Only historical data is available for the majority of distribution network buses. To tackle the problem of very low redundancy, power system engineers have focused on methods that combine the real-time measurements with the historical load data. Such a state calculation algorithm that exploits the radial nature of distribution networks is proposed in this paper. Growing interest in distribution automation and the deregulation in the utility business have spurred the need for practical and robust state calculation algorithms such as the one presented here