Phase and amplitude modulation noise metrology

Noise is everywhere. Its ubiquitous nature interferes with or masks desired signals and fundamentally limits all electronic measurements. Noise in the presence of a carrier is experienced as amplitude and phase modulation noise. Modulation noise will be covered from its theory, to its origins and consequences. The effects of signal manipulation such as amplification, frequency translation and multiplication on spectral purity are examined. Practical techniques for measuring AM and PM noise, from the simple to complex will be discussed. Calibration of measurements and common problems and pitfall will also be covered.