Emerging applications requiring precision time and frequency

Numerous commercial and military applications utilize precision quartz oscillators and/or atomic frequency standards to generate super-accurate frequencies and time signals crucial to system performance. Examples where precise time and frequency is essential are telecommunications, drilling for natural resources, synchronizing railroads, satellite ground stations, laboratory standards and various others. In military applications precise time and frequency is essential for synchronizing communications, for radar applications, for emitter locators and other. In this paper, we will present precision quartz oscillator and/or rubidium vapor atomic oscillator applications as well as data that demonstrates achieved performance for synchronizing DVB-T, UMTS-FDD, TDD, WiMAX and LTE communications, for seismic methods while drilling for natural resources in challenging environments, for beamforming in satellite ground stations, for synchronizing military communications that require time errors less than 500 ns in 24 hours holdover during severe temperature changes and for various other applications.