Snow and ice observations during the European Multi-sensor Airborne Campaign in 1995

The European Multi-sensor Airborne Campaign (EMAC-94/95) was initiated to provide support for future satellite remote sensing programmes and their users. In 1995 the programme concentrated on snow and ice experiments in northern Europe. The paper gives an overview of the active and passive remote sensing instruments involved in the campaign. It highlights the objectives of the boreal land snow test sites (Finland, Sweden), the alpine like land ice and snow test site (Norway) and the sea ice test site (Finland) and presents first results