Efficient transparent optimistic rollback recovery for distributed application programs

A transparent rollback-recovery method that adds very little overhead to distributed application programs and efficiently supports the quick commit of all output to the outside world is introduced. Each process can independently choose at any time either to use checkpointing alone (as in consistent checkpointing) or to use optimistic message logging. The system is based on a new commit algorithm that requires communication with and information about the minimum number of other processes in the system, and supports the recovery of both deterministic and nondeterministic processes