A novel electrochemical technique for in situ deposition of photoactive CuInSe2 thin films for solar cells

A novel single-step electrodeposition technique is described for fabricating photoactive CuInSe₂ thin films. A unique feature of this technique is that Cu, In, and Se composition is self regulating by a simple control of deposition current. The deposition is carried out in an alkaline medium with a wide choice of pH (from 8 to 12), which also allows matching of deposition potentials. Preventing hydrogen evolution also improves microstructure. The deposition variables are rendered less critical, allowing systematic and desired variations in properties. The essential features of the technique are reported, and the effects of the main deposition parameters on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films are described