A comparison of 2D and 3D techniques for the determination of normal pediatric running kinematics

Two methods used for the computation of joint rotation angles associated with running are compared. The first is a full 3-D technique which allows for the determination of up to three axial rotations at each lower limb segment joint. This method is used as the basis for comparison with a relatively straightforward 2-D computational alternative. In this way, the validity of the 2-D approaches typically employed in the examination of limb rotation patterns associated with running is examined. With respect to pediatric running, this preliminary investigation indicates that 2-D kinematic approaches may adequately represent the sagittal plane motion of the hip and knee, but be insufficient for describing ankle plantar/dorsiflexion