The homotopy continuation method to approach voltage collapse of electric power systems

The voltage collapse phenomena in a power system has been attributed to a lack of sufficient reactive power reserve when the power system experiences a heavy load or severe contingencies. A homotopy continuation method is presented to approach the voltage collapse point by tracing the system operating condition even near or at the system bifurcation point when some system parameters vary. The model employed includes the internal and the terminal buses of the generator and the IEEE type-1 excitation system. The phenomena of voltage collapse are analyzed on a three-bus power system which is augmented by an IEEE type-1 excitation system