Independence and interdependence of systems in district heating

In this paper, a fully operational wireless sensor and actuator network is presented. The network has the ability to control a district heating substation to ensure indoors comfort while minimizing energy waste by maximizing heat extraction from the distribution network. Introduced here is the foundation for a systems of systems approach within a district heating application, where several substations cooperate with the heat production plant. Presented are also the first steps to a service oriented architecture (SOA) where sensor nodes in the district heating network can cooperate with other nodes and systems, for example a ventilation control network.