A study of mobile path loss estimation models for a sloping terrain area in cellular systems

Mobile path loss estimation models for small cell area on a sloping terrain become important function in the radio link design of cellular systems. Okumura and Lee models are known for the sloping terrain path loss estimation, but the applicable cell size is lager than today´s small cell area with less than 1.5km radius. Recently, a new estimation model called Fujitani model has been proposed for such a small cell including sloping terrain area. However, there were no comparison discussions about the estimation by the other models. In this paper, the path loss estimation comparisons by Okumura, Fujitani, and Lee models are discussed based on the same data measured in a typical short distance sloping terrain area. The result shows that Fujitani model is prospective for such sloping terrain path loss estimation in a small cell, but further measurement studies in various slope terrain areas and additional parameter considerations are needed to realize general applicability.