Mathematical modeling of photovoltaic systems

This paper proposes a mathematical model for photovoltaic panels (PV) in the range 10-25 V with approximately 50 W of power generation and an open-circuit voltage below 25 V. Mathematical models of PV are presented, compared and verified against experimental measurements on a photovoltaic set-up. This shows the advantage of mathematical modeling of photovoltaic panels to achieve maximum power by maximum power point tracking (MPPT), compared with previous methods, since a novel model can be implemented easily in the controller to establish maximum power. A flexible design with high efficiency is thereby achieved.