Preparation of [110] Grain Oriented Barium Titanate Ceramics by Templated Grain Growth Method and Their Piezoelectric Properties

[110]-oriented barium titanate (BaTiO₃) ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth (TGG) method. The degree of orientation along the [110] direction, F₁₁₀, was measured using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern by the Lotgering method. To obtain both a high density and a high F₁₁₀, the preparation conditions were optimized. As for the results, BaTiO₃-grain-oriented ceramics with a high density of more than 96 % were successfully prepared despite various F₁₁₀ values from 0 to 98 %. These grain-oriented BaTiO₃ ceramics were poled at 100degC, and their piezoelectric properties were measured for d₃₁ and d₃₃ piezoelectric constants. As for the results, the d₃₁ values were almost constant at -50 pC/N despite various F₁₁₀ values, while the d₃₃ values increased with increasing F₁₁₀ values, and at around an F₁₁₀ of 85 %, d₃₃ reached a maximum of 800 pC/N.