Novel method for realizing higher-order immittance function using current conveyors

A novel method for realizing a higher-order immittance function using current conveyors (CCs) is proposed. By introducing the nullator-norator technique, many simulation circuits can be systematically derived. The derived circuits have the following advantages: (1) simplicity for circuit design for immittance function simulation; (2) applicability for the higher-order immittance function simulation using additional CCs; and (3) low active sensitivities of realized immittance functions. The higher-order immittance function can be applied to various filters. As examples of its applications, high-pass and low-pass filters are given with experimental results.<>