Review of adaptive systems for lithium batteries State-of-Charge and State-of-Health estimation

High energy battery systems have recently appeared as an alternative Internal-Conbustion-Engine (ICE) based vehicle´s powertrains. As a conquence, over the last few years, automotive manufacturers focused their research on electrochemical storage for electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). In a lot of hybrid or electric applications, Lithium based batteries are used. To protect Lithium batteries and optimize their utilisation, a good State-of-Charge determiation is necessary. So three adaptive system used in the literature are presented in this article, the Kalman Filter, the Artificial Neural Network and the Fuzzy Logic systems.