Notice of RetractionVortex breakdown over delta wing and its induced turbulent flow

Notice of Retraction

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Vortex breakdown over delta wing is simulated by solving Navier-Stokes equations. Iso-surfaces of total pressure and flow parameters along vortex core axis are employed to depict this phenomena. To have an insight into the turbulence characteristics induced by vortex breakdown, iso-surfaces of turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate are employed. The results indicated that, vortex breakdown location moves upstream with the increase of incidence angle. During vortex breakdown process, kinetic energy of leading edge vortex is transformed into kinetic energy of small vortices and turbulent kinetic energy. Turbulent kinetic energy of vortex breakdown wake is also fed by energy transformation from small vortices. At the same time, turbulent kinetic energy is dissipated by inner shear friction during the evolutions of leading edge vortex and vortex breakdown wake. The feeding and dissipation of kinetic energy together govern the dissipation process of vortex breakdown. Complex interferences include mutual-inductions in between small vortices and self-induction of single vortex, causing stretching, compression, wandering and distortion of these vortices, and this is the reason for highly unsteady flow in vortex breakdown wake.