The effect of in-situ underwater acoustic speed on localization of submerged sensors

Wireless communication applications have become more prominent in terrestrial than underwater. However, in the recent years, researchers have shown fervent interest to explore and fulfil the needs of a multitude of underwater applications. UWSN (underwater wireless sensor network) is envisioned to enable application for oceanographic data collection and offshore exploration for the profusion of wealth underwater world has. It´s not only the wealth; marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet at a very fundamental level and for its sustenance, it becomes crucial to obtain accurate environmental data using underwater sensors to provide and maintain sanctuary for the marine life. Besides, advanced robot navigation, autonomous underwater vehicles control, find lost objects, estuary monitoring and pollutant tracking also require accurate localization. In addition to underwater sensors, UWSN may also comprise of surface stations and autonomous underwater vehicles. Regardless of the type of deployment and configuration, the location of sensors needs to be determined for meaningful interpretation of the sensed data.