Changes in time estimating abilities through workload analysis as measured by +Gz acceleration

The time estimation of pilots under various workloads was investigated. Eight subjects completed four days of randomized testing and were exposed each day to two simulated aerial combat maneuvering (SACM) profiles of 180-s duration and with a maximum level of +8 Gz. Counting and noncounting (rate projection) tasks were used as time estimation techniques. The time intervals measured were 2, 8, and 16 s. The duration of the noncounting task (the most accurate task to estimate) was found to be greater than 8 s. The production task was much more accurate to estimate than the reproduction task, and long-duration tasks were found to be most influenced by the intensity of the G stress, as well as if the G stress was decreasing