Frequency Relaying Based on Genetic Algorithm Using FPGAs

This work presents an accurate and precise genetic algorithm (GA) for frequency estimation of electrical power system (EPS) signals. The problem of estimating the frequency of a distorted electrical signal is modeled as an optimization problem. The advantages of GAs in this approach include the use of coding for a number of solutions which facilitates computer implementation, as well as the search for an appropriate solution from a population of possible solutions. The GA is programmed in a FPGA {field-programmable gate array) device and the estimation procedure is performed in real-time. This is made possible due to (a) the implicit parallelism of FPGAs in computing their instructions, (b) the suitable choice of steps of GAs to explore this parallelism and (c) the appropriate choice of FPGA for good performance. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, an EPS was simulated having typical operation conditions. The resulting signals were analyzed by the proposed GA-FPGA approach and promising results were compared to a commercial relay.