Control of Ultracapacitors Energy Exchange

Ultracapacitors can store and also give out large energy pulses. That makes them perfectly suitable as short term energy storage devices in electrical vehicles. The usage of ultracapacitors prevents over sizing of the battery pack due to peak power demands. This paper introduces the basic concept of how ultracapacitors could be used in Tramways. The main purpose of the paper is to introduce one possible control-strategy of ultracapacitors energy exchange. With the energy exchange is meant the movement of energy form the ultracapacitors into distribution network and vice versa. Three different regulators, proportional (P), integration (I), and the combination of both (PI) are tested and compared to each other. Practical results are analyzed and compared with the simulation results.