Novel impedance determination method for phase-to-phase loops

In this paper a novel impedance determination method for the phase-to-phase loops is described. This approach promises a better accuracy of the reactance calculation of the faulty loops. Thus, better selectivity and security in operation of the distance element applied for the protection of transmission and distribution lines is guaranteed. Moreover, with this new method the separation of the fault resistance from load condition is achieved. Due to this fact, special measures for load encroachment are not necessary. It contributes to simplification of distance protection settings.